Sight words英文常用字，幼兒自主閱讀第一步學習方法與免費資源

Sight words英文常用字+Phonics自然發音，是兩個讓孩子學會閱讀的基礎方法。

透過這兩種方法，Darcy在四歲半能夠通篇閱讀廖彩杏老師推薦書單中的繪本，隨著持續閱讀與兒童線上英文口語訓練，五歲後能夠自主並熱愛閱讀與主動學習。

依據她所閱讀的分級讀物大約是美國小學二年級程度，第二則則朗讀影片是五歲半拍攝。若想了解Darcy其他英文學習可以在文章末選擇推薦文章。

什麼是Sight words英文常用字？

顧名思義就是一看就要懂的字。美國博士E.W. Dolch在1948年，針對1930s到40s的兒童讀物分析統計後，在<<Problems in reading>>這本書中發表。

兒童初級讀物中75%的單字來自220個Sight words高頻字或者說功能字，高頻字在成人讀物使用中也佔了50%。另外針對幼兒讀物又特別整理出95個名詞。

看到75%的比重就可以理解，若能掌握Sight words對於孩子自主閱讀有很大幫助。但這是針對母語為英文的孩子，因為日常句型就已經在使用，因此這些孩子在接觸常用字學習時，很快就能理解掌握。

220個常用字，除了顏色外主要是名詞以外的”代名詞、動詞、介系詞、連接詞、形容詞、副詞”，這些字因為不是名詞有時有多個意思，所以不容易單獨具體解釋，而要透過完整的句子表達。

因此以非英文母語的我們學習常用字最好的方式不是單看字，而是閱讀完整句子和繪本，經由完整的句子熟悉常用字的使用與意思。

220個常用字依屬性分類

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25
顏色	black	blue	brown	green	red	white	yellow
冠詞量詞	a	an	the	all	both	any	every	some	many	much	one	two	three	four	five	six	seven	eight	night	ten
疑問詞助動詞	who	what	when	where	why	how	which	may	can	could	will	would	must	shall	don't	does	did	do	have	has	had
形容詞	big	little	small	long	round	old	new	good	better	best	kind	right	funny	pretty	cold	hot	warm	full	clean	light	fast	own
代名詞	I	me	my	myself	we	us	our	you	your	he	him	his	sh	her	it	its	they	them	their	this	that	these	those
介係詞連接詞	on	around	upon	over	under	in	at	into	to	of	with	both	by	from	for	after	before	as	so	and	but	because	or	if
副詞	always	never	now	today	first	then	soon	yes	no	only	just	very	well	too	not	here	there	away	up	down	far	off	out	again	together
動詞	be	is	am	are	was	were	been	see	saw	look	find	found	say	said	ask	tell	call	do	does	did	done	make	made	grow	fall
	give	gave	giving	take	carry	bring	get	got	pick	pull	put	hold	cut	go	goes	went	come	came	walk	run	ran	jump	fly	ride	sit
	sleep	eat	ate	drink	wash	sing	laugh	work	play	write	read	draw	want	wish	think	know	thank	please	like	live	try	keep	show	start	stop
	open	help	buy	use	hurt	let	have	has	had

外國孩子Sight words的學習方式

不論是採購知名出版社的常用字卡或學習書籍，以及網路上提供的常用字資料，都可以看到220個常用字依據年齡被分為五個等級：學齡前、大班、一年級、二年級、三年級。

但這分類是針對母語英文的孩子，對於這些字的用法與聽音已經很熟悉，所以只要在學習自然拼音後學會唸出，很自然就能熟記與正確應用。所以統合外國孩子學習的程序為：

1. 生活中聽讀句型養成
2. 初級自然發音學習
3. 常用字學習

所以如果要仿照外國孩子的學習方式程序是：A.大量英文有聲書、B.自然發音、C.常用字學習

而Darcy的學習過程就是上面A-C三階段，在帶她認識常用字時，同時學習自然發音，並且自然發音比重較重，和常用字交叉學習。

220個常用字依五個等級分類

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38	39	40	41	42	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	50	51	52
學齡前	a	and	away	big	blue	can	come	down	find	for	funny	go	help	here	I	in	is	it	jump	little	look	make	me	my	not	one	play	red	run	said	see	the	three	to	two	up	we	where	yellow	you
大班	all	am	are	at	ate	be	black	brown	but	came	did	do	eat	four	get	good	have	he	into	like	must	new	no	now	on	our	out	please	pretty	ran	ride	saw	say	she	so	soon	that	there	they	this	too	under	want	was	well	went	what	white	who	will	with	yes
一年級	after	again	an	any	as	ask	by	could	every	fly	from	give	going	had	has	her	him	his	how	just	know	let	live	may	of	old	once	open	over	put	round	some	stop	take	thank	them	then	think	walk	were	when
二年級	always	around	because	been	before	best	both	buy	call	could	does	don't	fast	first	five	found	gave	goes	green	its	made	many	off	or	pull	read	right	sing	sit	sleep	tell	their	these	those	upon	us	use	very	wash	which	why	wish	work	would	write	your
三年級	about	better	bring	carry	clean	cut	done	draw	drink	eight	fall	far	full	got	grow	hold	hot	hurt	if	keep	kind	laugh	light	long	much	myself	never	only	own	pick	seven	shall	show	six	small	start	ten	today	together	try	warm	nine

Darcy的Sight words學習過程

Darcy出生就接觸大量英文有聲書，這在另外一篇文章<<從廖彩杏有聲書到兒童線上英文學習心得分享>>有詳細介紹。具體來說是在三歲半開始帶她學習常用字。

而在正式學習Sight words前，直到正式學習過程中，中午用餐時間透過Preschool “Meet the Sight words”反覆觀看時間超過半年。

適合台灣孩子的Sight words學習方式

如果仔細看五個等級的常用字分類，會覺得很混亂，就像1-9數字與顏色以及代名詞中I、me、my、myself等等，都被拆到五個等級而不是統一學習。

這是因為依據孩子年齡階段所使用的句子文法有關。就像動詞中is、was，現在式is在學齡前Level1學習，過去式was則放在大班Level2學習。數字也是根據孩子學習數學的程度分類而分散。

轉換到台灣孩子學習的過程，如果可以在學齡前就大量聽讀英文有聲書自然在銜接上會輕鬆很多。所以正式學習前建議掌握兩個重點：

1. 大量聽英文有聲書和影音節目。
2. 認識26個字母與發音。
3. 搭配下面學習工具。

95個名詞依類別分類

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25
時間	day	morning	night	time
食物	apple	bread	cake	corn	egg	milk	water
地方	farm	garden	ground	hill	home	house	school	street
自然	fire	flower	grass	rain	seed	snow	sun	tree	wind
動物	bear	bird	cat	cow	chicken	dog	duck	fish	horse	kitty	pig	rabbit	robin	sheep	squirrel
人相關	baby	back	boy	brother	children	eye	farmer	father	feet	girl	hand	head	leg	man	men	mother	sister
物品	ball	bed	bell	boat	box	car	chair	coat	doll	door	floor	letter	money	nest	paper	picture	ring	shoe	stick	table	toy	watch	window	wood
其他	birthday	Christmas	game	goodbye	name	party	Santa Clause	song	thing	top	way

輕鬆學習常用字工具與免費資訊

1.Super Simple ABC：

2.Preschool Prep Company：

3.Sight words教材準備：

(1).220個Sight words字卡：

(2).Key Words with Peter and Jane：

4.常用字列表、遊戲單、練習表單：

Mrs. Sperkins網站內有免費完整的常用字列表、故事、閃卡，以及很多遊戲單、練習單。點選連結，進入網站內選擇你需要的資料。

總結

Sight words所用的字在幼兒讀物中都是時常出現的字，並且總數量並不多。透過上面的影片反覆觀看並多聽讀英文繪本，再以字卡輔助，持續下來很容易就能熟記。於下方留言免費領取字卡，私訊不回!!

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